Relationships with health houses

Relationships with health houses-Housing qualified health is one of the efforts to improve health. Especially in rural areas, the housing problem is still not eligible healthy housing requirements. But in big cities it is already progress is being made, although in many places there are also housing a completely ineligible, commonly called a slum (huts).

In general in the big cities there are housing problems are difficult to solve, namely:
1. Density occupant (overcrowding)
This is caused because the population is growing faster than the number of homes that most people or families, so are forced to live together in a house with other families (three or four families in one house).
2. Housing feral (wild occupancy)
The houses of the wild raises aspect is very detrimental, both in terms of the beauty of the city, and in terms of the incidence of infectious diseases, because the houses are illegal is made carelessly, do not have a latrine, a special kitchen, bathroom and water discharge dirty and irregular garbage disposal. This has led to illegal residential area into a source of disease. It is clear that the housing have to do with health.
Factors that affect the state of the housing
In the environmental health program, a residential / housing is closely connected with the economic, social, educational, traditions / customs, ethnicity, geography, and local conditions. Besides residential neighborhood / settlement is influenced by several factors that can determine the quality of the residential environment, among other service facilities, equipment, tools to support the implementation of physical health, mental health, social well-being for individuals and families.

There are differences in style, form or state of the housing between one society to another, usually influenced by various factors, namely:

1. Government policy on housing concerning land use, housing program owned and so forth.
2. Sociology-economic status of society, marked by people's income, the availability of building materials that can be utilized by the public and or purchased and so forth. It is clear that a more prosperous society, in relative will have better housing, compared to the poor people.
3. Environmental factors in which the community is located, either physical, biological or social. An area to the physical environment of the mountains, of course, different from the residential housing in coastal areas, as well as housing in hot climates, in contrast to the housing in cold climates. Furthermore, people who live in the area of ​​biological environment that many animals course has a form more sheltered homes, compared with the housing is located in the biological environment no savage animals. Similarly, the social environment, such as customs, beliefs and so a lot of influence on the shape of the house built.
4. Advances in technology owned, especially the technology development. This has been the same for that community which has advanced technology, is able to build housing that was more complex than the communities are still modest.
5. Culture, in Indonesia, which consists of various ethnic groups and diverse cultures, so the style of the model home of each region is different according to their customs.

The terms of a healthy home
Housing should ensure the health of its inhabitants in a broad sense. To create a healthy home will require attention to some aspects that are very influential, among others:

• Good air circulation
• Lit
• Clean water is met
• Waste water disposal well regulated so as not to cause pollution.
• Parts such as floor and wall space is not humid and not affected like odor pollution, seepage of dirty water and dirty air

A healthy home-fasilitas must have the following facilities:

• Provision of clean water
• excreta disposal
• Wastewater disposal
• Waste disposal
• kitchen facilities
• Family gathering space
• Warehouse storage, the warehouse is a regular part of home

Animal pens or a separate building, this rural cattle sheds should be separate from the house and should not be stored under the house or column.

Health House Live are as follows:

• Building materials

Not made of materials that may release substances that can be harmful to health, among others, as follows:

• Dust total no more than 150 g m3
• Asbestos-free does not exceed 0.5 fibers / m3 / 4 hours
• Lead does not exceed 300 mg / kg
• Not made of materials that can be grown and the growth of pathogenic microorganisms.

Components and arrangement of space home. The floors are waterproof and easy to clean
Wall In the bedroom, the living room is equipped with ventilation means for setting air circulation In the bathroom and washing areas should be waterproof and easy to clean Ceiling must be easy to clean and is not prone to accidents Bumbung house that has a height of 10 meters or more should be equipped with lightning rods Room in the house must be arranged so as to function as a living room, family room, dining room, bedroom, kitchen, shower room and children's playroo The kitchen space should be equipped with means of exhaust fumes.

• Lighting
• Natural or artificial lighting directly or indirectly can illuminate the whole room a minimum intensity of 60 lux and not dazzling.
• Air Quality
• The air quality in the house does not exceed the following provisions:
• Comfortable Temperatures ranged from l8 ° C to 30 ° C
• Humidity ranging from 40% to 70%
• The concentration of SO2 gas does not exceed 0.10 ppm / 24 hours
• Air exchange 
• CO gas concentration does not exceed 100 ppm / 8 hours
• Formaldehyde gas concentration does not exceed 120 mg / m3
•  Animal-borne diseases
• Water

Clean water is available with a minimum capacity of 60 l / day / person
The water quality must meet the health requirements of clean water and drinking water in accordance with the legislation in force.

Liquid waste originating from home, do not pollute water sources, odorless and does not contaminate the soil surface, solid waste should be managed so as not to cause odor, does not cause pollution to the soil surface and groundwater cubicle dwelling density spacious bedroom 8m2 minimal and should not be used more than two people sleeping in one bedroom, except for children under 5 years old.
Healthy home by Winslow:
1. Must meet the physiological needs
2. Must meet the psychological needs
3. Must be able to avoid accidents
4. Must be able to prevent the occurrence of disease

Meet the needs of physiological
a. Room temperature
The room temperature must be maintained in order not to change much. You should still range between 18-20 C. The indoor temperature depends on:

• Outside air temperature
• air movement
• Humidity
• Temperatures objects around
• In modern homes, the room temperature can be adjusted by air conditioning.

b. Must be sufficiently enlightened
Should be enough to get the lighting both day and night. The ideal is for electric lighting. Organize the room the room to get some sunshine, especially mornings.

c. Should be enough to get weaker exchange (ventilation)
Exchange hawa hawa is sufficient to cause the room to keep it fresh (enough oxygen)
To that home must have enough windows. Overall window area approximately 15% of the floor area. The composition of the room should be such that air can flow freely when the window is opened.

d. Must have enough air insulation
Walls of the room should be soundproof, either to sounds coming from inside the house and outside the house. Preferably the housing away from the source of the sound source rowdy example: factories, markets, schools, airports, bus stations, railway stations and so on.

Meeting the psychological needs :

• The state of the house and its surroundings, how the settings must satisfy the sense of beauty (aesthetic) so house into a pleasure center of the healthy household.
• This guarantees sufficient independence, for every member of the family who lived in the house.
• For each member of the family, especially those approaching adulthood must have their own room so privacy is not disturbed.
• There should be room to run a family life where all family members can gather.
• There should be room to live in a society, so there must be room for receiving guests.

Avoiding accidents

• Construction of houses and building materials must be strong so that they do not collapse.
• Means of prevention of accidents in wells, ponds and other places, especially for children.
• Endeavored not flammable.
• The presence of fire extinguishers, especially the use of gas.
•  Avoiding disease
• Source of healthy water, of sufficient quality and quantity.
• There must be sewage, garbage and waste water was good.
• Must be able to prevent the proliferation of disease vectors such as mosquitoes, flies, mice and so on.
• Should be broad enough. Spacious bedrooms of ± 5 per capita per m2 of floor space.

Relationships houses that are too narrow and the incidence of disease

• Air Cleanliness because the house is too narrow, the rooms will be starved of oxygen resulting in a lowering the body's resistance to disease.
• Each of the houses will be reduced for each person in the home amenities for each person will be reduced due to be divided in large numbers. For example water. Although the quality is good, but because of the use of that lot then quantity becomes less, so that the residents of the house did not bathe every day or every day no shower.
• Facilitate the occurrence of disease
• The privacy of each family member interrupted

Because the house is too narrow, not all family members have their own rooms, so privacy will be disrupted. This will result in each member of the family, especially young children do not like staying at home, which will facilitate the emergence of crime and delinquency, as well as domestic life is not harmonious.